A CentOS csomagkezelője a yum, ezt kell használnunk, ha telepíteni, törölni vagy frissíteni szeretnénk a szerverünket.
Frissítés
A frissítés célja általában egy hibamentesebb vagy biztonságosabb állapot elérése, mivel a szoftverekben mindig találnak valami működésbeli vagy biztonságbeli hibát. Az első esetben akkor célszerű frissítenünk, ha valami nem működik jól, és az újabb csomagban ezt javították, a második esetben pedig akkor, ha a biztonsági hiba okán veszélyben érezzük magunkat. Általánosságban célszerű időnként ellenőrizni, hogy van-e valamiből újabb csomag, és általában meg is ejthetjük a frissítést:
Frissítések keresése
# yum check-update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: tux.rainside.sk * extras: tux.rainside.sk * rpmforge: repository.vsb.cz * updates: tux.rainside.sk lldpad.x86_64 0.9.43-13.el6_2.1 updates
Frissítés
# yum update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: tux.rainside.sk * extras: tux.rainside.sk * rpmforge: nl.mirror.eurid.eu * updates: tux.rainside.sk Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package lldpad.x86_64 0:0.9.43-13.el6_2 will be updated ---> Package lldpad.x86_64 0:0.9.43-13.el6_2.1 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Updating: lldpad x86_64 0.9.43-13.el6_2.1 updates 192 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total download size: 192 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata updates/prestodelta | 399 kB 00:00 Processing delta metadata Download delta size: 161 k lldpad-0.9.43-13.el6_2_0.9.43-13.el6_2.1.x86_64.drpm | 161 kB 00:00 Finishing rebuild of rpms, from deltarpms <delta rebuild> | 192 kB 00:01 Presto reduced the update size by 16% (from 192 k to 161 k). Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : lldpad-0.9.43-13.el6_2.1.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : lldpad-0.9.43-13.el6_2.x86_64 2/2 Updated: lldpad.x86_64 0:0.9.43-13.el6_2.1 Complete!
Ennyi volna... 
Telepítés
A telepítés se sokkal összetettebb, egyszerűen csak meg kell keresnünk, amit telepítenénk, majd fel kell telepítenünk...
Csomag keresése
# yum search httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: tux.rainside.sk * extras: tux.rainside.sk * rpmforge: www.mirrorservice.org * updates: tux.rainside.sk ======================================================================================== N/S Matched: httpd ========================================================================================= lighttpd-fastcgi.x86_64 : FastCGI module and spawning helper for lighttpd and PHP configuration lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 : Virtual host module for lighttpd that uses a MySQL database httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server httpd-devel.i686 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server httpd-devel.x86_64 : Development interfaces for the Apache HTTP server httpd-manual.noarch : Documentation for the Apache HTTP server httpd-tools.x86_64 : Tools for use with the Apache HTTP Server lighttpd.x86_64 : Lightning fast webserver with light system requirements mergelog.x86_64 : Merges httpd log files by date mod_dav_svn.x86_64 : Apache httpd module for Subversion server mod_dnssd.x86_64 : An Apache HTTPD module which adds Zeroconf support perl-Apache-ConfigFile.noarch : Parse an Apache style httpd.conf configuration file perl-Apache-SizeLimit.noarch : Module to kill off Apache httpd processes if they grow too large. perl-Log-Common.noarch : Log messages in the httpd access and error log styles Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
Telepítés
# yum install httpd.x86_64 httpd-tools.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, presto Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: tux.rainside.sk * extras: tux.rainside.sk * rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * updates: tux.rainside.sk Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: apr-util-ldap for package: httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_1.2 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be installed ---> Package apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 will be installed ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 updates 813 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 updates 70 k Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_1.2 base 123 k apr-util x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base 87 k apr-util-ldap x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base 15 k mailcap noarch 2.1.31-2.el6 base 27 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 6 Package(s) Total download size: 1.1 M Installed size: 3.6 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Setting up and reading Presto delta metadata Processing delta metadata Package(s) data still to download: 1.1 M (1/6): apr-1.3.9-3.el6_1.2.x86_64.rpm | 123 kB 00:00 (2/6): apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64.rpm | 87 kB 00:00 (3/6): apr-util-ldap-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64.rpm | 15 kB 00:00 (4/6): httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 813 kB 00:00 (5/6): httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 70 kB 00:00 (6/6): mailcap-2.1.31-2.el6.noarch.rpm | 27 kB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.2 MB/s | 1.1 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : apr-1.3.9-3.el6_1.2.x86_64 1/6 Installing : apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 2/6 Installing : apr-util-ldap-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 3/6 Installing : httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 4/6 Installing : mailcap-2.1.31-2.el6.noarch 5/6 Installing : httpd-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.x86_64 6/6 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1 Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_1.2 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 Complete!
Ellenőrzés
Mindig ellenőrizzük le, hogy valóban azt telepítettük, amit szerettünk volna, jelen esetben ez a csomag az Apache Httpd szerver:
# /etc/init.d/httpd status
httpd is stopped
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 0.0.10.59 for ServerName
[ OK ]
Mivel a tűzfal aktív, így egyelőre nem tudunk hozzáférni az http porthoz... a tűzfalról majd később...
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